The Essential Guide to Backpacking for Newcomers

This guide covers the fundamentals of backpacking for those new to the activity, outlining essential steps to begin, a checklist of necessary gear, and addressing common queries such as:What does backpacking entail?

“You might have come across the terms”backpacking and backcountryDiscussed often among outdoor lovers, you’ve likely listened to friends recount their amazing backpacking journey from last summer or come across stories of our wilderness explorations in Olympic National Park.

Backcountry: The hard-to-findplacewith the most breathtaking wilderness, incredible wildlife encounters, and otherworldly landscapes… you know what we mean. Backcountry implies being off the grid, doesn’t it? Isolated. Untouched. And challenging to reach.

You might find yourself asking…What defines the essence of backpacking?

Here’s a breakdown of backpacking essentials for newcomers, covering the fundamentals and addressing common queries like:What defines backcountry camping?

Travel guide for backpackers

What does backpacking entail
What defines backcountry camping
Essential backcountry skills
Essential items to bring on a backcountry trip
Top equipment for backpacking trips

Some of our top-rated backcountry guides are listed below

Trail Meals: A Complete Guide to Planning Backpacking Food

To explore additional backpacking guides, click the link below to access the dedicated resource page.

What does backpacking entail?

Backpacking is an outdoor activity that blends hiking and camping, typically occurring in isolated regions referred to as the backcountry.

The term originates from the concept of carrying all your necessary equipment and gear on your back. In contrast to day hikes, backpacking requires a significantly larger pack to hold your tent, food, water, and additional supplies for an overnight or extended stay in the wild.

Backpacking and backcountry camping are closely linked, so much so that the terms are frequently considered synonymous.

What defines backcountry camping?

Backcountry camping involves overnight stays in isolated wilderness areas, where you must transport all your gear by foot. For those seeking a complete outdoor adventure and deep connection with nature, backcountry camping is the ideal choice.

Backcountry campsites are established in isolated backcountry regions, though they do not offer modern comforts such as restrooms, running water, or RV hookups.

What should you anticipate when staying at a backcountry campsite?

The answer varies, but typically, you may anticipate some or all of the listed items:

Camping platform
Seats made from logs
Fire pit (availability varies by location)
Privy (outdoor pit latrine)
Food storage solutions (in bear country)

When backcountry camping at an established campsite, you’ll usually discover acamping platformLook for a level, open area to pitch your tent. If you’re fortunate, there may be a few logs arranged for seating and possibly a simple fire ring. (In high-altitude locations or regions prone to wildfires, the fire pit will be absent.)

Many designated backcountry campgrounds feature a basic outdoor toilet known as aprivy. This is available for all campers in the vicinity to use, though its convenience depends on how close your site is to the toilet.

Finally, when camping in areas inhabited by bears, you’ll probably find designated food storage solutions. These could include a bear pole, where you can suspend your food bag.

Insider Advice:Contact the nearest ranger station to inquire about designated spots for storing food along the trail. If none are available, bring a bear canister.

Pro Tip:Contact the nearest ranger station to inquire about designated spots for storing food along the trail. If none are available, a bear canister will be necessary to bring.

Camping in dispersed areas

Another form of wilderness camping is referred to ascamping in dispersed areas.This term describes the act of pitching a tent in a truly wild, undeveloped location that lacks designated camping facilities or reservations.

Dispersed camping is permitted in certain areas of some National and State parks and forests, though restrictions may apply. Always verify the backcountry camping regulations in advance to ensure compliance.

Dispersed Camping: Understanding the Concept and Locating Dispersed Campsites

What to anticipate while traveling with a backpack

For those new to backpacking, these are some experiences you’re likely to encounter while on the trail.

Increased preparation and additional effort

When exploring the backcountry on a backpacking trip, you must bring all your equipment in and out by foot. Unlike car camping, where you can transport your gear directly to the site by vehicle, this requires you to carry your own shelter (tent), sleeping essentials, water, food, and any additional supplies.

You should also be ready for unforeseen circumstances by carrying essential first aid supplies, offline navigation tools, a water filtration system, and a bear-resistant food container (especially if camping in areas inhabited by bears).

Backcountry camping demands more planning and preparation compared to standard car camping. All the essential equipment will be covered in the backcountry essentials section that follows.

Authorization might be necessary

When hiking in National Parks or similar protected regions, securing a backcountry or wilderness permit in advance is often necessary.

Limited permits for these areas are often released months ahead of time (typically on Recreation.gov) and tend to sell out rapidly. A portion of permits is usually reserved for first-come-first-served distribution, requiring visitors to secure a spot in person at the ranger station or information center.

Pro Tip: Arrive at the ranger station well in advance, especially in busy locations. At Grand Teton National Park, we showed up two hours before opening and were already around 20th in line.

Pro Tip: Arrive at the ranger station well in advance when visiting busy locations. At Grand Teton National Park, we showed up two hours before opening and were still around the 20th spot in line.

Before setting up camp, it’s wise to research the area’s rules and regulations regarding permits.

Someone else might be with you

Even in the backcountry, you might not be completely isolated. The area where you’re backpacking could have several campsites near each other, meaning you could end up with nearby campers. Generally, those who venture into the wilderness are considerate, and we’ve rarely encountered problems. (Car camping, however, is an entirely separate situation!)

In different remote locations, your camping spot could be quite isolated and far from others. We recommend staying flexible for both scenarios or conducting some prior research to understand what you might encounter.

Essential skills for wilderness adventures

Grasping the core principles of wilderness survival is essential when getting ready for a backpacking adventure. To ensure both safety and comfort, it’s important to develop key skills before venturing onto the trails.

The process of treating water to remove impurities and contaminants, making it safe for consumption and use.

In the remote backcountry, plumbing is not available. You must manage your own water supply. Since carrying all the water you require can be cumbersome, we suggest using a water purification system to replenish from nearby lakes or rivers.

What is the purpose of purifying my water?

Even if the water in an isolated lake or river appears perfectly clean,Purifying it remains essential.Wildlife in the vicinity frequently rely on these water sources, increasing the probability that they transmit harmful diseases such as giardia. For a vivid reminder of its effects, you can search for it on Google.why Make sure to properly sterilize your water before use.

What are the methods for purifying water?

Numerous methods exist to effectively purify drinking water, ranging from UV light treatment to pump systems, tablets, and integrated filters. Certain solutions perform more efficiently depending on the specific circumstances.

In our backcountry essentials list, we’ve highlighted some top water purification products we recommend. However, it’s also wise to seek advice from professionals at outdoor retailers such as REI or park rangers. They can offer valuable guidance in choosing the best system for your needs and the specific area where you’ll be camping.

Where can I refill my water bottle?

When planning a backcountry camping excursion, always identify the locations of water refill stations in advance.

When camping in regions without water access, such as deserts, beaches, or specific mountain areas, it’s essential to bring sufficient water for drinking, cooking, and hygiene. You’ll likely need more than you anticipate. For beginners, we suggest choosing destinations with multiple water refill options to simplify the experience.

Navigation Without Internet Connection

Mastering navigation is a crucial ability for anyone venturing off-the-grid. It’s no surprise that cell service is frequently unavailable in the backcountry. Don’t expect to stumble upon any wifi hotspots either!

For a successful backcountry camping adventure, ensure you’re equipped with offline navigation tools like a physical paper map and compass. Additionally, downloading the offline route map from AllTrails is a useful step for your backpacking excursions.

Important:If you intend to rely on digital maps (such as those on your phone), ensure you have a dependable method to keep your device powered throughout your journey. For extended backpacking adventures, opting for traditional paper maps and a compass is advisable to avoid battery depletion.

Helpful to note:To download the offline versions of these maps, you need an AllTrails Pro Membership. The cost is $30 per year (with discounts available for multi-year plans), and in our view, it’s absolutely worth the price. We seldom pay for apps, but this is one we’d never want to be without. AllTrails offers maps worldwide, making it ideal for international travel as well.

Psst! Score your first week of Alltrails+ at no cost when you register through our exclusive link!

Psst! Score your first week of Alltrails+ at no cost when you register through our exclusive link!

Preparing meals over an open flame or portable camp stove

Because you must bring all your food with you, it’s essential to choose lightweight backpacking meals that are simple to prepare while hiking.

Creating your own backpacking meals using dehydrated ingredients is enjoyable, but a good selection can also be found at many outdoor retailers. At their most basic, dehydrated meals are made by adding boiling water directly to the packet and allowing it to rest for several minutes. This method is convenient since it requires minimal cleanup—no dishes to wash!

For slightly more complex meals, you might have to prepare them by boiling water in a pot over a heat source. This method can create a few dirty dishes, but it could be the preferable choice based on the kind of meal you’ve packed.

Along with three daily meals, it’s essential to pack an ample supply of healthy hiking snacks for the trip, as you’ll expend significant energy trekking and establishing camp.

Insider Advice:For those new to preparing backpacking meals, it’s a good idea to practice at home first. This way, you’ll understand the process and know which tools are essential. Being stuck in a remote location without the ability to cook a proper meal is far from ideal.

Insider Tip:If it’s your first time preparing backpacking meals, we suggest trying a practice round at home to familiarize yourself with the process and determine the necessary equipment. The last thing you want is to be stranded in a remote location without the ability to cook a proper meal.

Backpacking Meals: How to Plan Your Meals for the Trail

Preservation of food supplies

Much of the remote backcountry wilderness —particularly the Western region of the United States— Wild animals, including bears, inhabit this area and may be drawn to the smell of food or other strongly scented items.

Always ensure your food and scented items—such as deodorant, hand sanitizer, and toothpaste—are stored correctly. This practice is essential at all times.

Your well-being and protection
The health and survival of animal species in their natural habitats
To stop tiny animals from snatching your snacks (oh, no way!)

Your well-being and protection

Proper food storage is essential, primarily for your safety. In areas with bear populations, it can be a matter of survival. This isn’t meant to alarm you, but there have been cases where improper food storage led to severe injuries or fatalities.

When exploring the wilderness,youYou are the guest, and the animals dictate how the game is played.

The health and survival of animal species in their natural habitats

Animals possess highly acute olfactory abilities, enabling them to locate food from afar (even if your chocolate bar is hidden deep within your backpack). This can lure them toward people and encourage them to consume human food, both of which are harmful to wildlife.

Ensure safety for everyone by storing food correctly.

To stop others from taking your food without permission

The thought of a bear wandering into camp is undoubtedly frightening, but in truth, the odor from your food is far more likely to draw in smaller animals. —Consider creatures like mice, squirrels, marmots, and raccoons. Believe me, you wouldn’t want these animals wandering into your campsite and chewing through your equipment.

Just one additional point:When camping in bear country, it’s a good idea to carry bear spray for added safety.

Just one additional point:When camping in bear country, it’s advisable to carry bear spray for added safety.

How can I determine whether my food requires storage?

Storing food away from your campsite is a smart habit. However, to decide whether a bear-proof approach is necessary, consult the nearest ranger station. They can provide you with valuable advice and details.

What is the best way to preserve my food?

Several techniques exist for properly preserving your food while in the backcountry.

1. Bear-resistant food container:This plastic container is challenging to open, similar to a child-resistant medicine bottle. For storing food and personal care items, place the canister a minimum of 100 meters downwind from your tent.

Pro: Bear canisters are convenient since they eliminate the need to camp near a tree for hanging food.

Con: Their weight and size may pose a challenge, particularly during extended backpacking excursions.

Tip: If you don’t own a bear canister for storing food, you can often rent one (occasionally at no cost) from a nearby ranger station.

Tip: In case you don’t own a bear canister for food storage, you can often rent one (occasionally at no cost) from a nearby ranger station.

2. Suspending your food bag:A secure method for preserving your food is to suspend it from above.

At certain designated backcountry locations, you may find a standalone “bear pole” or suspended wires for securing your food bag. While some opt to hang their full backpack, we recommend using a compact dry bag for this purpose instead.

In backcountry campgrounds that lack a designated bear pole or wire, you can still suspend your food pack. The challenge lies in locating a suitable tree, which may prove harder than expected.

To ensure proper hanging (keeping it out of reach of large animals), the food pack must be positioned sufficiently high above the ground and at an adequate distance from the tree trunk. The optimal placement involves suspending the pack 15 feet off the ground and 10 feet away from the trunk.

To learn more, explore this detailed step-by-step guide provided by the Washington Trails Association.

Psst!Always carry a rope when intending to suspend your pack from a tree.

Psst!Always carry a rope when intending to suspend your pack from a tree.

3. Food storage units:These aren’t commonly available at backcountry locations, but they’re still a viable choice to consider.

Certain campgrounds provide metal storage containers to keep food secure. Nevertheless, you should still be ready to use one of the previously mentioned techniques, as it’s rare for backcountry locations to offer lockers.

The principles of Leave No Trace

If you’re unaware of the 7 principles of Leave No Trace, it’s essential to learn and adhere to these guidelines whenever you’re in the outdoors.

The concept is to ensure that every location you visit remains unchanged (or improved) from how you encountered it, minimizing environmental impact and allowing others to have the same enjoyable experience you did.

7 Core Tenets:

Think in advance and get ready
Walk and set up camp on sturdy terrain
Discard waste appropriately (typically, this entails packing out all trash you bring in).
Take only memories, leave what you discover.
Reduce the effects of campfires (exercise caution with flames and never ignite a fire when a fire ban is in effect).
Respect all forms of wildlife
Respect the presence of fellow guests

The 7 Leave No Trace principles (& their importance for outdoor ethics!)

Weather alert indicators and precautionary measures for safety

Before your trip, review the weather conditions and familiarize yourself with the area’s climate trends. We recommend visiting the nearest ranger station, as they often offer the most reliable forecasts for surrounding wilderness regions and can share details beyond what’s available online.

Recognize the indicators of extreme weather conditions. Conditions in the backcountry can shift unexpectedly (even without prior forecasts), making it essential to have suitable gear, attire, and protection ready.

Tip: Even if the forecast doesn’t call for rain, bringing rain gear is wise. Similarly, packing warm clothing is advisable, regardless of whether high temperatures are expected.

Tip: Always bring rain gear, even when no rain is forecast. Additionally, pack warm clothing layers, regardless of whether the weather is expected to be hot.

Immediate care and proactive measures

Before heading into the backcountry, it’s wise to familiarize yourself with basic first aid. This knowledge will prepare you to handle emergencies when you’re isolated and, more importantly, teach you how to avoid potential accidents in the first place.

Essential: Familiarize yourself with all the contents of your First Aid Kit. Depending on the size of your group and the duration of your journey, you might have to include additional supplies.

Appropriate attire

Ensure you have the right gear, including multiple layers, when camping in the backcountry. Daytime hikes can be warm, but temperatures often plunge after sunset. Research the local weather conditions and appropriate hiking attire to stay comfortable throughout your journey.

Shelter

It should be obvious, but having the right shelter is essential for backcountry camping. If you’re using a tent, make sure you can assemble it before you’re deep in the wilderness with nightfall approaching and daylight fading fast.

For those who enjoy sleeping beneath the stars—perhaps in a hammock—make sure you’re ready for changing weather conditions and carry a bug net or repellent if needed.

Essential gear for the backcountry (or what to bring along!)

You might think backpacking requires a lot of new equipment, but that isn’t completely accurate…

Acquiring backpacking equipment on a budget is easier than you think—sometimes even without spending a dime! Our guide breaks down the best methods to secure affordable camping and outdoor gear, giving you all the details you need.

The positive aspect is that once you have the essentials, these items can serve you well for years before needing an upgrade. Here’s our selection of gear we usually bring on every backpacking adventure.

*Navigation: for offline trail maps, we suggest utilizing Alltrails+*
- Enjoy your first week of Alltrails+ at no cost when you register through our exclusive link!
**Permit
A reliable backpack for hiking and camping tripstailored to perfectly complement your physique and proportions
Compact and easy-to-carry shelterExplore the top-rated 2-person tents for your next adventure.
Sleeping sack
A sleeping pad is an essential piece of gear designed to provide cushioning and insulation between a sleeper and the ground, ensuring comfort and warmth during outdoor rest.
Wearing multiple layers (check out this helpful guide for advice on hiking attire) is essential.
Waterproof outerwear for wet weather
Hiking footwear (boots, hiking sandals, or cross trainers—select the option that suits you best for your chosen environment)
Wool trekking socks
A First Aid kit
Bug repellent (we like the natural varieties best)
Shield yourself from the sun: apply sunscreen, wear a hat, and use sunglasses.
Insulated hydration container(s) or reservoir designed for use with your Camelbak
Water purification (we’re big fans of our Steripen, though we’ve found that our Grayl filtered water bottles perform exceptionally well during backpacking adventures!)
A dry bag (we never leave without one to protect our important items from wet weather)
Headlamp
Carrying bear spray (while hiking or camping in areas inhabited by bears)
Bear-resistant food container
Rope (for suspending your food bag or drying damp/wet clothing)
Multi-tool
Toilet kit: toilet paper, compact shovel, waste bag for used TP, hand sanitizer
Trash container for your waste
Lighter
Camp stove and fuel (our Jetboil is a favorite!)
Mess kit
Food (refer to the following section)
Eco-friendly soap and compact towel

Enjoy your first week of Alltrails+ at no cost when you register through our exclusive link!

If you decide to use your phone for navigation, make sure to carry a dependable power bank to keep your phone charged.

Make sure to bring your permit! Many backcountry camping areas mandate a permit, and a ranger might request to see your reservation during your trip. Usually, you’ll need to display it on your backpack while hiking and on the exterior of your tent after setting up camp.

Optional equipment

We prefer our Crazy Creek chairs when it comes to camp chairs.
Energy storage unit
Ignition catalyst
Make sure you’re aware of the local fishing regulations before using your fishing pole in the area.
Portable solar-powered light
A set of playing cards
Camera and tripod (our top choice for hiking adventures)
Binoculars
The ENO hammock (we adore our two-person ENO model pictured here!)
Book or e-reader
Notebook along with a pen or pencil
Trekking poles
Footwear for camp: Many of us prefer Chacos sandals at camp since it’s refreshing to switch out of the boots worn all day. Others opt for lightweight Crocs or flip-flops as a comfortable choice while at camp.
Portable air-filled camping pillow
Kula cloth: a reusable pee cloth designed for women (Admittedly, it might seem odd at first, but it’s gained a devoted fanbase. I’m just starting out with it, but already a big fan!)

Food

Dehydrated meals (we enjoy preparing our own backpacking meals using dehydrated ingredients, though a good selection can also be found at most outdoor retailers)
Fuel up for your hike by exploring our top picks for the best trail snacks here!
Tea
Coffee: discover the perfect way to brew great camping coffee!

Top backpacks for backpacking adventures

The top backpacks we love:Osprey Renn 50 for Men and Women
Top ultralight backpack:Hyperlite Mountain Gear Southwest 40L
Top affordable backpack:REI Flash 55 for Men / REI Flash 55 for Women

Choosing the right backpack is a personal decision that varies based on body size and individual preferences. Ensuring the pack fits your frame properly and is adjusted to distribute weight evenly is essential.

The top service for this is available at REI, where you can test various pack styles and get assistance from a staff member to adjust them properly.

Consider the duration of your backpacking journey and the quantity as well as the types of gear you’ll require when selecting a backpack.

Top backpacking tents for outdoor adventures

Our suggestion:The Marmot Tungsten 3P Tent, including its footprint, offers reliable shelter for outdoor adventures.
Top ultralight backpacking tent:The Big Agnes Copper Spur HV UL2 is a lightweight, high-performance tent designed for backpacking and outdoor adventures. It features a durable yet ultralight construction, offering ample space and weather protection for two people. The tent includes a freestanding design, dual doors, and vestibules for convenient access and gear storage. With its innovative hub-style pole system, the Copper Spur HV UL2 ensures stability and easy setup in various conditions. Ideal for thru-hikers and campers, this model combines comfort and functionality without sacrificing weight or packability.
Top affordable backpacking tent:The Kelty Late Start 2 Tent offers a compact and lightweight shelter designed for quick setup, making it ideal for backpackers and campers who prioritize convenience and efficiency. Its durable materials and thoughtful design ensure reliable protection from the elements while maintaining ease of use.

Selecting a backpacking tent depends on the amount of space you prefer. Although there are only two of us, we often bring our three-person tent on trips to allow extra room for stretching out and storing equipment when needed.

For solo travelers, a single option can save weight and space, though a double might offer greater comfort.

It’s best to use a tent equipped with a rain cover and footprint, or bring an additional tarp, for protection against adverse weather conditions.

Top 2-Person Tents for Camping and Backpacking Adventures

Top-rated sleeping bags for backpacking adventures

Our suggested approach top 3-season sleeping bag:The NEMO Disco Down Sleeping Bag offers a blend of comfort and warmth for outdoor adventures. Its innovative design ensures a restful night’s sleep in various conditions, making it a reliable choice for campers and backpackers. The sleeping bag features high-quality down insulation, providing excellent heat retention while remaining lightweight and packable. With thoughtful details like a spacious footbox and ergonomic shape, the NEMO Disco Down prioritizes both functionality and coziness. Ideal for chilly nights, it balances performance and durability for any wilderness excursion.
Top-rated ultralight sleeping bag:The Sea to Summit Spark Ultralight 40F Sleeping Bag offers lightweight comfort for cool conditions.
Top affordable sleeping bag (exclusive to warm conditions):REDCAMP Ultra Lightweight Sleeping Bag

When searching for a sleeping bag to provide warmth in cold mountain conditions, a useful guideline is to choose one rated at least 10 degrees below the expected outdoor temperature for your backpacking adventure.

If the forecast predicts overnight lows in the lower 50s, opt for a sleeping bag with a 40°F rating or less.

Beyond temperature ratings, the material inside your sleeping bag significantly impacts performance. While synthetic insulation is widely used, many outdoor enthusiasts favor goose down for its superior warmth-to-weight ratio, providing better heat retention in chilly conditions.

Keep in mind that a down sleeping bag loses much of its insulating power when wet, so always protect it from moisture and use a waterproof stuff sack for storage.

Top-rated sleeping pads for backpacking adventures

We suggest:The Sea to Summit Ultralight Insulated Air Sleeping Mat offers lightweight comfort with thermal insulation for outdoor rest.
Top-rated insulated sleeping pad:The NEMO Tensor Alpine Air Sleeping Pad
Top affordable sleeping pad:POWERLIX Ultralight Sleeping Mat

A reliable sleeping bag is crucial for us, but another key component for a comfortable sleep system is a high-quality sleeping pad.

Among all the essential backpacking equipment, a sleeping pad will have the most significant impact on your comfort during overnight trips.

Tip: The R-value measures a sleeping pad’s insulation, with ratings typically between 1.0 and 8.0. For hiking in colder climates, opt for a sleeping pad with an R-value of 4.0 or higher, as these are designed for all-season and winter conditions.

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Feel free to drop a comment if you have additional questions about backpacking or backcountry camping—we’ll make sure to respond as soon as we can!