An overview of tourism hazard perception

An overview of tourism hazard perception

  • Original Paper
  • Published :
  • Mass 82, pages 643–658 , (2016)
  • Mention this article
  • Fangnan Cui1,
  • Yaolong Liu1,
  • Yuanyuan Chang2,
  • Jin Duan3&
  • …
  • Jizu Li1 

  • 28kAccesses

  • Explore all metrics

Abstract

In recent years , masses devote more and more attention to travel safety and travel risks . Tourism risk perception is a quantitative assessment of tourism security . Destination risk perception of tourists directly affects tourist purchase intention . The asymmetry of the objective existence of tourist safety information and the subjective perception of tourists determines that tourists be extremely sensitive to move danger . The inevitability of tourism risks requests that tourist get a sure point knowledge of destination environment . This study aimed to systematically review exist research of tourism danger perception . The report show : ( 1 ) Tourism risk perception includes three view , which were subjective feelings , objective evaluation and the cognition of transcend the threshold luck of the negative consequences or negative impact that may happen during travel . ( 2 ) The subjective component of tourism hazard perception make up the physical characteristic and psychological procedure . The objective factors include physical hazard , economic risk , equipment risk , social risk , psychological risk , time risk and opportunity loss . ( 3 ) The multi-dimensional example and the two-factor model were the two primary type of danger perception assessment models . The survey ( with interview ) and mathematical statistical analysis were the main inquiry method . Besides , this article highlights three points . ( 1 ) There exist a certain critical value for travel hazard perception of tourist ; ( 2 ) cognitive power is an important element affecting the stage of tourists objective hazard perception ; and ( 3 ) quantitative judgment of tourism risk perception point live helpful to the tourism decision making and destination direction .

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Ammann WJ ( 2006 ) Risk conception , integral danger management and risk establishment . In : Ammann W , Dannenmann S , Vulliet L ( eds ) Risk 21-coping with risk due to natural hazards in the 21st hundred . Taylor & Francis Group , London , pp 3–24

An H , Fu R ( 2005 ) The subjective element influence tourists risk perception and implications for tourism crisis direction . Zhejiang Acad J 1:196–200( in Chinese )

Atila Y , Fisun Y ( 2007 ) Shopping risk perceptions : impression on tourist ’ emotions , satisfaction and expressed royalty intensions . Tour Manag 28 ( 3 ) :703–713

Bauer RA ( 1960 ) Consumer demeanor as danger taking . In : Hancock RS ( ed ) Dynamic marketing for a changing globe , Proceedings of the 43rd . Conference of the American Marketing Association , pp 389–398

Beck U ( 1999 ) World hazard society . Polity Press , Cambridge , p 184

Boksbergera PE , Biegerb T , Laesserb C ( 2007 ) Multi-dimensional analysis of perceived danger in commercial strain travel . J Air Transp Manag 13:90–96

Brun W ( 1992 ) Cognitive components in risk perception : natural versus manmade danger . J Behav Decis Mak 5:117–132

Cao SX , Wang LJ ( 2001 ) Risk mitigation strategies and perception of tourism products . Tour Manag 1 ( 1 ) :1–26( in Chinese )

Carol BB ( 2015 ) Tourism , crime and risk perception : an examination of broadcast medium ’ s framing of negative Aruban sentiment in the Natalee Holloway event and its impact on tourism demand . Tour Manag Perspect 16 ( 10 ) :266–277

Cater CI ( 2006 ) Playing with risk ? Participant perceptions of risk and management implications in adventure tourism . Tour Manag 27:317–325

Chen YQ , Zhang H ( 2012a ) Investigation of sports tourism visitors risk perception and coping behavior . J Hebei Inst Phys Educ 26 ( 3 ) :38–43( in Chinese )

Chen YQ , Zhang H ( 2012b ) Tourism risk cognitive theory and sports . J Suzhou Univ 27 ( 1 ) :87–91( in Chinese )

Chen N , Qiao GH , Liu L ( 2009 ) Tourism association studies risk perception and outbound tourist travel preferences—tourists in Beijing . Geography 6:97–102( in Chinese )

Chiao LY , Vikneswaran N ( 2014 ) Risk perception study in tourism : cost we truly measuring perceived risk ? Procedia Soc Behav Sci 144:322–327

Cunningham SM ( 1967 ) The major dimensions of perceived hazard . Harvard University Press , Boston , pp 82–108

Dirk G ( 2003 ) Crisis management in the tourism industry . Butterworth-Heinemann , Oxford , pp 41–57

Dolnicar S ( 2005 ) Understanding barrier to leisure travel : tourist fears as a marketing basis . J Vacat Mark 11 ( 3 ) :197–208

Eitzigera C , Wiedemannb P ( 2007 ) Risk perception in the alpine tourist destination Tyrol : an exploratory analysis of occupant ’ view . Tour Manag 28:911–916

Fischer GW , Morgan MG , Fischhoff B et al ( 1991 ) What risks live mass concerned about . Risk Anal 11 ( 2 ) :303–315

Fuchs G ( 2013 ) Low versus high sensation-seeking tourists : a field of backpackers ’ experience risk perception . Int J Tour Res 15:81–92

Fuchs G , Reichel A ( 2004 ) Cultural differences in tourist destination risk perception : an exploratory work . Tourism 52 ( 1 ) :21–37

Fuchs G , Reichel A ( 2006 ) Tourist destination hazard perception : the case of Israel . J Hosp Leis Mark 14 ( 2 ) :81–106

Fuchs G , Reichel A ( 2011 ) An exploratory question into destination hazard perception and risk reduction strategy of first time vs. repeat visitors to a highly volatile destination . Tour Manag 32 ( 2 ) :266–276

Hu QZ ( 2011 ) Guest review of risk perception . Bus Cult 8:331–332( in Chinese )

Huang J , Chuang S , Lin Y ( 2008 ) Folk faith and tourist intention avoid tsunami-affected destinations . Ann Tour Res 35 ( 4 ) :1074–1078

Jones R , Boer R ( 2003 ) Measure current mood danger adaptation policy framework : a guide for policies to facilitate adaptation to climate change [ EB/OL ] , UNDP , in review http : //www.undp.org/cc/apf-outline.htm

Kozak M , Crotts JC , Law R ( 2007 ) The impact of the perception of danger on international travelers . Int J Tour Res 9 ( 4 ) :233–242

Lepp A , Gibson H ( 2003 ) Tourist roles , perceive danger and international tourism . Ann Tour Res 30 ( 3 ) :606–624

Li Y ( 2010 ) Tourists risk perception inquiry after hard natural disasters-to Wenchuan earthquake restoration marketing , for case . J Theory Reform 2:85–88( in Chinese )

Li M , Zhang J , Dong XW ( 2011 ) Cognitive inquiry particular tourist destination after natural Disasters—the “ 5.12 ” Wenchuan earthquake Jiuzhaigou example . Geogr Sci 66 ( 12 ) :1695–1706( in Chinese )

Lin LZ , Hsu TH ( 2013 ) The analysis of danger perception with blurred means-end approach . Qual Quant 47 ( 2 ) :713–734

Liu Y ( 2009 ) Risk company theory and application value . Zhejiang Soc Sci 3:64–70( in Chinese )

Liu J , Gao J ( 2008 ) Base tourism risk perception conceptual model—a case subject of Shanghai residents . Tour Sci 22 ( 5 ) :37–43( in Chinese )

Moreira P ( 2007 ) Stealth risks and catastrophic risks : on danger perception and crisis recovery strategies . J Travel Tour Mark 23 ( 2 ) :15–27

Moutinho L ( 1987 ) Consumer demeanor in tourism . Eur J Mark 21 ( 10 ) :5–44

Myron FF , Heather G , Lori PG et al ( 2004 ) The effect of risk perception on intentions to move in the Aftermath of September 11 , 2001 . J Travel Tour Mark 15 ( 2–3 ) :19–38

Oliver RL ( 1980 ) A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of gratification conclusion . J Mark Res 17 ( 11 ) :460–469

People ’ s Republic of China National Bureau of Statistics ( 2014 ) 2013 National economical and social development statistics bulletin Mass ’ s Republic of China [ EB/OL ] . (in Chinese)

Peter JP , Ryan MJ ( 1976 ) An investigation of perceive danger at the brand stage . J Mark Res 13:184–188

Prashant B , Nicholas DF ( 2004 ) Problem figure out in social interactions on the internet : rumor as social knowledge . Soc Psychol Q 67 ( 1 ) :31

Quarantelli EI ( 1983 ) People ’ s reactions to emergency warnings , transcript of the dam safety conference , August 23–24 , 1983 , University of Charleston , Charleston , West Virginia , Federal Emergency Management Agency , p 178

Reichel A , Fuchs G , Uriely N ( 2007 ) Perceive danger and the non-institutionalized tourist use : the type of Israeli student ex-backpackers . J Travel Res 46 ( 3 ) :217–226

Reisinger Y , Mavondo F ( 2006 ) Cultural difference in travel hazard perception . J Travel Tour Mark 20 ( 1 ) :13–31

Roehl WS , Fesenmaier DR ( 1992 ) Hazard perceptions and pleasure travel : an explanatory analysis . J Travel Res 30 ( 4 ) :17–26

Roselius E ( 1997 ) Consumer rankings of hazard reduction method . J Mark 35 ( 1 ) :56–61

Schiffman LG , Kanuk LL ( 2000 ) Consumer behavior . Prentice Hall , Upper Saddle River

Schneider LS , Dagerman KS , Insel P ( 2006 ) Atypical antipsychotic drug , dementia , and hazard of death-reply . J Am Med Assoc 295 ( 5 ) :496–497

Sitkin SB , Pablo AL ( 1992 ) Reconceptualizing the determinants of risk conduct . Acad Manag Rev 17:9–38

Slovic P ( 1987 ) Perception of hazard . Skill 236 ( 4799 ) :280–285

Sonmez SF , Graefe AR ( 1998a ) Determine next travel behavior from past travel experience and perception of danger and safety . J Travel Res 37 ( 2 ) :171–177

Sonmez SF , Graefe AR ( 1998b ) Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions . Ann Tour Res 25 ( 1 ) :112–144

Suddle S ( 2009 ) The risk management of third parties during structure in multifunctional urban locations . Risk Anal 29 ( 7 ) :1024–1040

Teng WF ( 2009 ) Discussion travel risks and prevention . Market Mod 5:260–261( in Chinese )

Tsaur SH , Tzeng GH , Wang GC ( 1997 ) Evaluating tourist hazard from fuzzy perspectives . Ann Tour Res 24 ( 4 ) :796–812

United Nation ( 1989 ) International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction , Resolution 44/236 adopted at the 44th session of the United Nations General Assembly [ EB/OL ] . http : //www.un.org/ru/documents/ods.asp ? m=A/RES/44/236

Wang FQ ( 2010 ) Risk club and the risk perception of the current Chinese population . J Shanghai Adm Inst 11 ( 2 ) :83–91( in Chinese )

Whyte AVT , Burton I ( 1982 ) Perception of risks in Canada . In : Burton I , Fowle CD , McCullough RS ( eds ) Living with hazard : environmental risk direction in Canada . Environmental Monograph No . 3 , Institute for Environmental Studies , University of Toronto , Canada , pp 39–69

Wong J , Yeh C ( 2009 ) Tourist hesitation in destination conclusion making . Ann Tour Res 6 ( 1 ) :6–23

Wu BH , Wang X , Li MM ( 2001 ) Chinese college student perceive the evaluation of tourism security research . J Guilin Inst Tour 12 ( 3 ) :62–68( in Chinese )

Xie F , Xu A ( 1996 ) Public perception of bias in risk . Psychology 4 ( 2 ) :23–26( in Chinese )

Yvette R , Felix M ( 2005 ) Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally : implication of travel risk perception . J Travel Res 43 ( 3 ) :212–225

Zhang JK ( 2009 ) Tourism hazard perception research of domestic tourist in Tibet . J Sichuan Norm Univ ( Soc Sci ) 36 ( 6 ) :111–118( in Chinese )

Zhang JK ( 2012a ) Optimization and empirical model of tourism risk perception . J Tibet Natl Inst ( Philos Soc Sci Ed ) 33 ( 2 ) :45–48( in Chinese )

Zhang JK ( 2012b ) Tourism hazard perception and measurement-based on the survey of college students traveling to Tibet . Ind Econ Rev 7:106–114( in Chinese )

Zhang SY , Yi WC , Wang EP ( 2004 ) Consumer psychology of risk perception . Adv Psychol Sci 12 ( 2 ) :256–263( in Chinese )

Zhang H , Xu FM , Li B ( 2013 ) Base on danger perception of mood change . Adv Psychol Sci 21 ( 9 ) :1677–1685( in Chinese )

Zheng XM ( 2009 ) Travel safety introduction . China Tourism Press , Beijing , pp 60–76( in Chinese )

Zhu XY ( 2008 ) Women travel safety perception evaluation based on the theory of tolerance zones . Zhejiang Gongshang Univ 7–18 (in Chinese)

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSFC ) ( No . 41301580 ) , the Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi ( PSSR ) ( No . 2012216 ) , the Qualified Personnel Foundation of TaiYuan University of Technology ( No . TYUT-RC201110A ) and Youth Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology ( No. 2015QN086 ) . We gratefully acknowledge the thoughtful comments of the editor and reviewers .

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Economics and Management , TaiYuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China

    Fangnan Cui , Yaolong Liu & Jizu Li

  2. College of Physical Education , TaiYuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China

    Yuanyuan Chang

  3. Institute of Poutics and Law , TaiYuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China

    Jin Duan

College of Economics and Management , TaiYuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China

College of Physical Education , TaiYuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China

Institute of Poutics and Law , TaiYuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China

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Cui , F. , Liu , Y. , Chang , Y .et al .An overview of tourism risk perception .Nat Hazards 82, 643–658 ( 2016 ) . https : //doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2208-1

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Keywords

  • Tourism risk
  • Perception
  • Tourist
  • Determine factors
  • Evaluation

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